Adaptation of spatial reuse for extremely high throughput

ABSTRACT

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to spatial reuse for extremely high throughput (EHT). A device may identify a frame received from a first station device configured to operate in a first basic service set (BSS) on a first channel. The device may analyze a preamble of the frame to determine a classification of the frame. The device may adjust a calculation of a packet detection for overlapping basic service set (OBSS) value based on a number of unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels. The device may determine to simultaneously use the first channel for communication with a second device within a second BSS based on the calculation of the packet detection for OBSS value.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for wirelesscommunications and, more particularly, to the adaptation of spatialreuse for extremely high throughput (EHT).

BACKGROUND

Wireless devices are becoming widely prevalent and are increasinglyrequesting access to wireless channels. The Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers (IEEE) is developing one or more standards thatutilize Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in channelallocation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an example network environmentfor spatial reuse for extremely high throughput (EHT), in accordancewith one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for spatial reuse forEHT, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates a flow diagram of a process for illustrative spatialreuse for EHT system, in accordance with one or more example embodimentsof the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a functional diagram of an exemplary communicationstation that may be suitable for use as a user device, in accordancewith one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine upon which anyof one or more techniques (e.g., methods) may be performed, inaccordance with one or more example embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a radio architecture in accordance withsome examples.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example front-end module circuitry for use in theradio architecture of FIG. 6, in accordance with one or more exampleembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example radio IC circuitry for use in the radioarchitecture of FIG. 6, in accordance with one or more exampleembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example baseband processing circuitry for use inthe radio architecture of FIG. 6, in accordance with one or more exampleembodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustratespecific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practicethem. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical,process, algorithm, and other changes. Portions and features of someembodiments may be included in or substituted for, those of otherembodiments. Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all availableequivalents of those claims.

As networks are becoming denser and sharing the same frequency spectrum,there is a need to enhance communications in such an environment. Aslong as the communications do not impede each other, a system may needto allow for concurrent transmission between overlapping BSS.

Currently, if a first access point (AP) is transmitting to a firststation device (STA), a second AP operating on the same channel usuallywould not transmit due to a clear channel assessment (CCA) thresholddetection even if the second AP wanted to communicate with a second STAthat is far from the first AP. Consequently, improving the number ofsuccessful concurrent transmissions, also referred to as spatial reuse,in a given network area is important. One way to increase the efficiencyof a wireless local area network (WLAN) is spatial re-use where wirelessdevices may spatially reuse frequencies of the wireless medium. However,often spatial reuse is difficult to achieve. Moreover, wireless devicesneed to operate with both newer protocols and with legacy devices.

The spatial reuse operation relies on dynamic CCA/carrier sense (CS)(CCA/CS) adjustment to increase the number of transmission opportunities(TXOPs) in an overlapping basic service set (OBSS). The CCA/CS mechanismis triggered at a Wi-Fi device upon detecting the preamble of anotherdevice's transmission.

Spatial reuse allows a device to transmit over another ongoingtransmission over the same frequency spectrum assuming some conditionsare met. With the hope that two transmissions both succeed at the sametime otherwise would have been denied. The reuse is for the same channelthat two APs operating at the same channel and are sufficiently close toeach other that according to rules (without spatial reuse), one of theAPs would have to refrain from transmitting at the same time.

Spatial reuse, especially OBSS_PD based spatial reuse has been definedin 802.11ax. an OBSS/PD threshold can be used to ignore a device'stransmissions, which in turn enhances channel utilization. For somerules, it is based on HE PPDUs (high efficiency—802.11ax). However,there is a need to consider that EHT has defined EHT PPDUs (extremelyhigh throughput—11be). This applies to spatial reuse operation, and alsoto the classification of intra-BSS PPDUs, inter-BSS PPDUs, and spatialreuse group (SRG) PPDUs.

Also in 11be, puncturing patterns is of consideration, which results ina need to adjust the calculation of OBSS_PD levels in case ofpuncturing.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems,methods, and devices for adaptation of spatial reuse for extremely highthroughput (EHT).

In one or more embodiments, a spatial reuse for EHT system mayfacilitate adjusting the rules so that spatial reuse that has beendefined in 11ax also can be used by an 11be STA, and that it can beapplied also when receiving an EHT PPDU that carries some parameterslike the BSS color.

In one or more embodiments, a spatial reuse for EHT system mayfacilitate adjusting the rules for classification of an EHT PPDU asinter-BSS or intra-BSS PPDU, and for the classification of an EHT PPDUas a spatial reuse group (SRG) PPDU.

In one or more embodiments, a spatial reuse for EHT system may adjustthe calculation of OBSS_PD level in a STA when receiving a PPDU (onwhich the STA would want to do OBSS_PD based spatial reuse) that ispunctured with the EHT punctured modes.

In one or more embodiments, a spatial reuse for EHT system mayfacilitate that the OBSS_PD level is adjusted compared to the basic per20 MHz OBSS_PD by the number of 20 MHz that are not punctured in thePPDU, instead of adjusting it by the total bandwidth of the PPDU (soaccounting for both punctured and unpunctured 20 MHz channels).

The above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are notmeant to be limiting. Numerous other examples, configurations,processes, algorithms, etc., may exist, some of which are described ingreater detail below. Example embodiments will now be described withreference to the accompanying figures.

FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an example network environmentof spatial reuse for EHT, according to some example embodiments of thepresent disclosure. Wireless network 100 may include one or more userdevices 120 and one or more access points(s) (AP) 102, which maycommunicate in accordance with IEEE 802.11 communication standards. Theuser device(s) 120 may be mobile devices that are non-stationary (e.g.,not having fixed locations) or may be stationary devices.

In some embodiments, the user devices 120 and the AP 102 may include oneor more computer systems similar to that of the functional diagram ofFIG. 4 and/or the example machine/system of FIG. 5.

One or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may beoperable by one or more user(s) 110. It should be noted that anyaddressable unit may be a station (STA). An STA may take on multipledistinct characteristics, each of which shapes its function. Forexample, a single addressable unit might simultaneously be a portableSTA, a quality-of-service (QoS) STA, a dependent STA, and a hidden STA.The one or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and the AP(s) 102 may beSTAs. The one or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102may operate as a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point/accesspoint (PCP/AP). The user device(s) 120 (e.g., 124, 126, or 128) and/orAP(s) 102 may include any suitable processor-driven device including,but not limited to, a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a staticdevice. For example, user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may include, auser equipment (UE), a station (STA), an access point (AP), a softwareenabled AP (SoftAP), a personal computer (PC), a wearable wirelessdevice (e.g., bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.), a desktop computer,a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an Ultrabook™ computer, a notebookcomputer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, ahandheld device, an internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, aPDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-boarddevice, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalitieswith PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device,a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile ornon-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device,a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, amobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively smallcomputing device, a non-desktop computer, a “carry small live large”(CSLL) device, an ultra mobile device (UMD), an ultra mobile PC (UMPC),a mobile internet device (MID), an “origami” device or computing device,a device that supports dynamically composable computing (DCC), acontext-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V device, aset-top-box (STB), a blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a digitalvideo disc (DVD) player, a high definition (HD) DVD player, a DVDrecorder, a HD DVD recorder, a personal video recorder (PVR), abroadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, anaudio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flat paneldisplay, a personal media player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), adigital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier,a gaming device, a data source, a data sink, a digital still camera(DSC), a media player, a smartphone, a television, a music player, orthe like. Other devices, including smart devices such as lamps, climatecontrol, car components, household components, appliances, etc. may alsobe included in this list.

As used herein, the term “Internet of Things (IoT) device” is used torefer to any object (e.g., an appliance, a sensor, etc.) that has anaddressable interface (e.g., an Internet protocol (IP) address, aBluetooth identifier (ID), a near-field communication (NFC) ID, etc.)and can transmit information to one or more other devices over a wiredor wireless connection. An IoT device may have a passive communicationinterface, such as a quick response (QR) code, a radio-frequencyidentification (RFID) tag, an NFC tag, or the like, or an activecommunication interface, such as a modem, a transceiver, atransmitter-receiver, or the like. An IoT device can have a particularset of attributes (e.g., a device state or status, such as whether theIoT device is on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available fortask execution or busy, and so on, a cooling or heating function, anenvironmental monitoring or recording function, a light-emittingfunction, a sound-emitting function, etc.) that can be embedded inand/or controlled/monitored by a central processing unit (CPU),microprocessor, ASIC, or the like, and configured for connection to anIoT network such as a local ad-hoc network or the Internet. For example,IoT devices may include, but are not limited to, refrigerators,toasters, ovens, microwaves, freezers, dishwashers, dishes, hand tools,clothes washers, clothes dryers, furnaces, air conditioners,thermostats, televisions, light fixtures, vacuum cleaners, sprinklers,electricity meters, gas meters, etc., so long as the devices areequipped with an addressable communications interface for communicatingwith the IoT network. IoT devices may also include cell phones, desktopcomputers, laptop computers, tablet computers, personal digitalassistants (PDAs), etc. Accordingly, the IoT network may be comprised ofa combination of “legacy” Internet-accessible devices (e.g., laptop ordesktop computers, cell phones, etc.) in addition to devices that do nottypically have Internet-connectivity (e.g., dishwashers, etc.).

The user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may also include mesh stationsin, for example, a mesh network, in accordance with one or more IEEE802.11 standards and/or 3GPP standards.

Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), andAP(s) 102 may be configured to communicate with each other via one ormore communications networks 130 and/or 135 wirelessly or wired. Theuser device(s) 120 may also communicate peer-to-peer or directly witheach other with or without the AP(s) 102. Any of the communicationsnetworks 130 and/or 135 may include, but not limited to, any one of acombination of different types of suitable communications networks suchas, for example, broadcasting networks, cable networks, public networks(e.g., the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellularnetworks, or any other suitable private and/or public networks. Further,any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitablecommunication range associated therewith and may include, for example,global networks (e.g., the Internet), metropolitan area networks (MANs),wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), or personal areanetworks (PANs). In addition, any of the communications networks 130and/or 135 may include any type of medium over which network traffic maybe carried including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted-pairwire, optical fiber, a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium, microwaveterrestrial transceivers, radio frequency communication mediums, whitespace communication mediums, ultra-high frequency communication mediums,satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.

Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) andAP(s) 102 may include one or more communications antennas. The one ormore communications antennas may be any suitable type of antennascorresponding to the communications protocols used by the user device(s)120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126 and 128), and AP(s) 102. Somenon-limiting examples of suitable communications antennas include Wi-Fiantennas, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)802.11 family of standards compatible antennas, directional antennas,non-directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patchantennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas,omnidirectional antennas, quasi-omnidirectional antennas, or the like.The one or more communications antennas may be communicatively coupledto a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such ascommunications signals to and/or from the user devices 120 and/or AP(s)102.

Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), andAP(s) 102 may be configured to perform directional transmission and/ordirectional reception in conjunction with wirelessly communicating in awireless network. Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124,126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform such directionaltransmission and/or reception using a set of multiple antenna arrays(e.g., DMG antenna arrays or the like). Each of the multiple antennaarrays may be used for transmission and/or reception in a particularrespective direction or range of directions. Any of the user device(s)120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configuredto perform any given directional transmission towards one or moredefined transmit sectors. Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., userdevices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform anygiven directional reception from one or more defined receive sectors.

MIMO beamforming in a wireless network may be accomplished using RFbeamforming and/or digital beamforming. In some embodiments, inperforming a given MIMO transmission, user devices 120 and/or AP(s) 102may be configured to use all or a subset of its one or morecommunications antennas to perform MIMO beamforming.

Any of the user devices 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), andAP(s) 102 may include any suitable radio and/or transceiver fortransmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in thebandwidth and/or channels corresponding to the communications protocolsutilized by any of the user device(s) 120 and AP(s) 102 to communicatewith each other. The radio components may include hardware and/orsoftware to modulate and/or demodulate communications signals accordingto pre-established transmission protocols. The radio components mayfurther have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate viaone or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi direct protocols, as standardized by theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11standards. In certain example embodiments, the radio component, incooperation with the communications antennas, may be configured tocommunicate via 2.4 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n,802.11ax), 5 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax), or 60 GHZchannels (e.g. 802.11ad, 802.11ay). 800 MHz channels (e.g. 802.11ah).The communications antennas may operate at 28 GHz and 40 GHz. It shouldbe understood that this list of communication channels in accordancewith certain 802.11 standards is only a partial list and that other802.11 standards may be used (e.g., Next Generation Wi-Fi, or otherstandards). In some embodiments, non-Wi-Fi protocols may be used forcommunications between devices, such as Bluetooth, dedicated short-rangecommunication (DSRC), Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) (e.g. IEEE 802.11af,IEEE 802.22), white band frequency (e.g., white spaces), or otherpacketized radio communications. The radio component may include anyknown receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via thecommunications protocols. The radio component may further include a lownoise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, ananalog-to-digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, and digitalbaseband.

In one embodiment, and with reference to FIG. 1, AP 102 may facilitatespatial reuse for EHT 142 with one or more user devices 120.

FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for spatial reuse forEHT, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown two APs (AP 202 and AP 204) that maybe communicating with their associated STAs (STA 222 and STA 224,respectively). The STAs may be EHT STAs (e.g., following the 802.11bestandard). The STAs may be configured to operate similarly to the userdevices 120 of FIG. 1.

In the example of FIG. 2, when AP2 204 starts transmitting to STA2 224,AP1 202 will receive AP2 204's transmission. AP1 202 may want totransmit to STA1 222 on the same channel 1 as the channel used fortransmission between AP2 204 and STA2 224. However, AP1 202 will be ableto characterize AP2 204's transmission and determine that thetransmission is not from its BSS1 but instead from BSS2 associated withAP2 204. AP1 202 will then utilize a threshold and determine that thepower of the packet is below the OBSS_PD threshold. In that case, AP1202 may transmit on channel 1. The OBSS_PD threshold can be tuneddifferently based on the transmit power. So, the transmit power can bereduced or increased.

In one or more embodiments, a spatial reuse for EHT system mayfacilitate adjusting the calculation of OBSS_PD level in a STA whenreceiving a PPDU (on which the STA would want to do OBSS_PD basedspatial reuse) that is punctured with the EHT punctured modes.

In one or more embodiments, a spatial reuse for EHT system mayfacilitate that the OBSS_PD level is adjusted compared to the basic per20 MHz OBSS_PD by the number of 20 MHz that are not punctured in thePPDU, instead of adjusting it by the total bandwidth of the PPDU (soaccounting for both punctured and unpunctured 20 MHz channels). Forthis, a device (e.g., STA or an AP) may calculate per the 802.11standard the rule to determine the OBSS_PD level per 20 MHz, based on aproportional rule with its own TxPower (if it transmits at a low TxPowerit can have a high OBSS_PD level (−62 dBm for instance), while it istransmitting at high TxPower, it has to have a low OBSS_PD level (−82dBm). It then has to adjust this OBSS_PD threshold with regards to thebandwidth of the PPDU from STA1. If it is a 20 MHz PPDU, the OBSS_PDlevel is unchanged and equal to the OBSS_PD level per 20 MHz. If it is a40 MHz PPDU, the OBSS_PD level for this PPDU is adjusted to be 3 dBlower than the OBSS_PD level for 20 MHz, because the energy is spreadacross 2 times the bandwidth and the PSD is therefore divided by 2. Ifit is an 80 MHz PPDU, the OBSS_PD level for this PPDU is adjusted to be6 dB lower than the OBSS_PD level for 20 MHz, because the energy isspread across 4 times the bandwidth and the PSD is therefore divided by4. Compared to 802.11ax, puncturing modes in 802.11be are available, forinstance, an 80 MHz PPDU with one or two punctured 20 MHz. In that case,if the rules defined in 802.11ax are followed, the max bandwidth of thePPDU (80 MHz in this example) may be considered, and the OBSS_PD forthis PPDU would be adjusted by 6 dB as above.

In one or more embodiments, a spatial reuse for EHT system mayfacilitate that the level is adjusted by the number of 20 MHz that arenot punctured in the PPDU. For example, if there is one punctured 20 MHzin the 80 MHz PPDU, there are 3 non-punctured 20 MHz channels, and theadjustment would be by 10 log(3). If there are 2 punctured 20 MHz in the80 MHz PPDU, there are 2 non-punctured 20 MHz channels, and theadjustment would be by 10 log(2)=3 dB (similar to a 40 MHz PPDU withprevious rules, but 3 dB lower than the previous rule that would haveconsidered it as an 80 MHz PPDU and would adjust it by 6 dB). It isunderstood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustrationand are not meant to be limiting.

In one or more embodiments, an EHT STA may follow the rule where areceived EHT PPDU that is an inter-BSS PPDU is an SRG PPDU if the bit inthe SRG BSS Color Bitmap field indexed by the value of the RXVECTORparameter BSS_COLOR is 1.

In one or more embodiments, an EHT STA follows the rule where it shallclassify a received PPDU as an inter-BSS PPDU if the PPDU is an HE MUPPDU with the RXVECTOR parameter UPLINK_FLAG equal to 0 and the STA isan AP.

In one or more embodiments, an OBSS PD-based spatial reuse operation maycomprise one or more rules including:

-   -   The PHY-CCARESET.request primitive may be issued by the MAC        layer at the end of the PPDU if the PPDU is an EHT MU PPDU        addressed to a single STA and the RXVECTOR parameter        SPATIAL_REUSE indicates SR_DELAYED. TXVECTOR and RXVECTOR are        used by PHY layer to exchange information with the MAC layer on        a per PPDU basis.    -   If the PHY-CCARESET.request primitive is issued before the end        of the received PPDU, and a TXOP is initiated within the        duration of the received PPDU, then the TXOP and the duration of        the transmitted PPDU within that TXOP may be limited to the        duration of the received PPDU if the received PPDU is an EHT MU        PPDU addressed to multiple STAs and the RXVECTOR parameter        SPATIAL_REUSE indicates SR_RESTRICTED.    -   If using OBSS PD-based spatial reuse, an EHT STA may maintain an        OBSS PD level and may adjust this OBSS PD level in conjunction        with its transmit power and the value N_(nonpunc) derived from        the received PPDU. The adjustment may be made in accordance with        Equation (1) below.    -   If the bandwidth of the received PPDU differs from 20 MHz, then        the value of the OBSS_PD_(level) is increased by 10 log        (N_(nonpunc)).

OBSS_PD_(level)≤max(OBSS_(PD) _(min) ,min(OBSS_(PD) _(max) ,OBSS_(PD)_(min) +(TX_(PwR) _(ref−TX) _(PwR))))+log₁₀(N _(nonpunc)).  Equation(1):

Where N_(nonpunc) is the number of nonpunctured 20 MHz subchannels ofthe received PPDU.

It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes ofillustration and are not meant to be limiting.

FIG. 3 illustrates a flow diagram of a process 300 for a spatial reusefor EHT system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

At block 302, a device (e.g., the user device(s) 120 and/or the AP 102of FIG. 1 and/or the spatial reuse for EHT device 519 of FIG. 5) mayidentify a frame received from a first station device configured tooperate in a first basic service set (BSS) on a first channel.

At block 304, the device may analyze a preamble of the frame todetermine a classification of the frame. The classification of the framecomprises inter-BSS intra-BSS, or spatial reuse group (SRG).

At block 306, the device may adjust a calculation of a packet detectionfor overlapping basic service set (OBSS) value based on a number ofunpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels.

At block 308, the device may determine to simultaneously use the firstchannel for communication with a second device within a second BSS basedon the calculation of the packet detection for OBSS value. The devicemay determine that the frame is transmitted on a 20 MHz frequencychannel. The device may adjust the packet detection for OBSS value to beequal to a default value on a 20 MHz basis. The device may determinethat the frame is transmitted on a 40 MHz frequency channel. The devicemay adjust the packet detection for OBSS value to be lower than adefault value on a 20 MHz basis. The device may determine the frame istransmitted on 80 MHz channel. The device may determine the number ofunpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels is three. The device may adjustthe packet detection for OBSS value by 10 log(3). The device maydetermine the frame is transmitted on a 80 MHz channel. The device maydetermine the number of unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels is two.The device may adjust the packet detection for OBSS value by 10 log(2).

The packet detection for OBSS value is lowered by 6 dB when the frame istransmitted on an 80 MHz channel. The packet detection for OBSS value isadjusted by a logarithmic of the number of unpunctured 20 MHz frequencychannels.

It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes ofillustration and are not meant to be limiting.

FIG. 4 shows a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station400, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the presentdisclosure. In one embodiment, FIG. 4 illustrates a functional blockdiagram of a communication station that may be suitable for use as an AP102 (FIG. 1) or a user device 120 (FIG. 1) in accordance with someembodiments. The communication station 400 may also be suitable for useas a handheld device, a mobile device, a cellular telephone, asmartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer,a wearable computer device, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR)subscriber station, an access point, an access terminal, or otherpersonal communication system (PCS) device.

The communication station 400 may include communications circuitry 402and a transceiver 410 for transmitting and receiving signals to and fromother communication stations using one or more antennas 401. Thecommunications circuitry 402 may include circuitry that can operate thephysical layer (PHY) communications and/or medium access control (MAC)communications for controlling access to the wireless medium, and/or anyother communications layers for transmitting and receiving signals. Thecommunication station 400 may also include processing circuitry 406 andmemory 408 arranged to perform the operations described herein. In someembodiments, the communications circuitry 402 and the processingcircuitry 406 may be configured to perform operations detailed in theabove figures, diagrams, and flows.

In accordance with some embodiments, the communications circuitry 402may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium and configure frames orpackets for communicating over the wireless medium. The communicationscircuitry 402 may be arranged to transmit and receive signals. Thecommunications circuitry 402 may also include circuitry formodulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering,amplification, etc. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 406 ofthe communication station 400 may include one or more processors. Inother embodiments, two or more antennas 401 may be coupled to thecommunications circuitry 402 arranged for sending and receiving signals.The memory 408 may store information for configuring the processingcircuitry 406 to perform operations for configuring and transmittingmessage frames and performing the various operations described herein.The memory 408 may include any type of memory, including non-transitorymemory, for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., acomputer). For example, the memory 408 may include a computer-readablestorage device, read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM),magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devicesand other storage devices and media.

In some embodiments, the communication station 400 may be part of aportable wireless communication device, such as a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wirelesscommunication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, asmartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, adigital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., aheart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computerdevice, or another device that may receive and/or transmit informationwirelessly.

In some embodiments, the communication station 400 may include one ormore antennas 401. The antennas 401 may include one or more directionalor omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas,monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas,or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. Insome embodiments, instead of two or more antennas, a single antenna withmultiple apertures may be used. In these embodiments, each aperture maybe considered a separate antenna. In some multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) embodiments, the antennas may be effectively separated forspatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that mayresult between each of the antennas and the antennas of a transmittingstation.

In some embodiments, the communication station 400 may include one ormore of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multipleantennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, andother mobile device elements. The display may be an LCD screen includinga touch screen.

Although the communication station 400 is illustrated as having severalseparate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements maybe combined and may be implemented by combinations ofsoftware-configured elements, such as processing elements includingdigital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. Forexample, some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs,field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integratedcircuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) andcombinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing atleast the functions described herein. In some embodiments, thefunctional elements of the communication station 400 may refer to one ormore processes operating on one or more processing elements.

Certain embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination ofhardware, firmware, and software. Other embodiments may also beimplemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storagedevice, which may be read and executed by at least one processor toperform the operations described herein. A computer-readable storagedevice may include any non-transitory memory mechanism for storinginformation in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). Forexample, a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory(ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, opticalstorage media, flash-memory devices, and other storage devices andmedia. In some embodiments, the communication station 400 may includeone or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored ona computer-readable storage device.

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a machine 500 orsystem upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g.,methodologies) discussed herein may be performed. In other embodiments,the machine 500 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected(e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, themachine 500 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a clientmachine, or both in server-client network environments. In an example,the machine 500 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (orother distributed) network environments. The machine 500 may be apersonal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, a wearable computer device,a web appliance, a network router, a switch or bridge, or any machinecapable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specifyactions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station. Further,while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shallalso be taken to include any collection of machines that individually orjointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform anyone or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloudcomputing, software as a service (SaaS), or other computer clusterconfigurations.

Examples, as described herein, may include or may operate on logic or anumber of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules are tangibleentities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operationswhen operating. A module includes hardware. In an example, the hardwaremay be specifically configured to carry out a specific operation (e.g.,hardwired). In another example, the hardware may include configurableexecution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.) and a computerreadable medium containing instructions where the instructions configurethe execution units to carry out a specific operation when in operation.The configuring may occur under the direction of the executions units ora loading mechanism. Accordingly, the execution units arecommunicatively coupled to the computer-readable medium when the deviceis operating. In this example, the execution units may be a member ofmore than one module. For example, under operation, the execution unitsmay be configured by a first set of instructions to implement a firstmodule at one point in time and reconfigured by a second set ofinstructions to implement a second module at a second point in time.

The machine (e.g., computer system) 500 may include a hardware processor502 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit(GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a mainmemory 504 and a static memory 506, some or all of which may communicatewith each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 508. The machine 500 mayfurther include a power management device 532, a graphics display device510, an alphanumeric input device 512 (e.g., a keyboard), and a userinterface (UI) navigation device 514 (e.g., a mouse). In an example, thegraphics display device 510, alphanumeric input device 512, and UInavigation device 514 may be a touch screen display. The machine 500 mayadditionally include a storage device (i.e., drive unit) 516, a signalgeneration device 518 (e.g., a speaker), a spatial reuse for EHT device519, a network interface device/transceiver 520 coupled to antenna(s)530, and one or more sensors 528, such as a global positioning system(GPS) sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, or other sensor. The machine500 may include an output controller 534, such as a serial (e.g.,universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g.,infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection tocommunicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., aprinter, a card reader, etc.)). The operations in accordance with one ormore example embodiments of the present disclosure may be carried out bya baseband processor. The baseband processor may be configured togenerate corresponding baseband signals. The baseband processor mayfurther include physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer(MAC) circuitry, and may further interface with the hardware processor502 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and forcontrolling operations of the main memory 504, the storage device 516,and/or the spatial reuse for EHT device 519. The baseband processor maybe provided on a single radio card, a single chip, or an integratedcircuit (IC).

The storage device 516 may include a machine readable medium 522 onwhich is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 524(e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of thetechniques or functions described herein. The instructions 524 may alsoreside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 504,within the static memory 506, or within the hardware processor 502during execution thereof by the machine 500. In an example, one or anycombination of the hardware processor 502, the main memory 504, thestatic memory 506, or the storage device 516 may constitutemachine-readable media.

The spatial reuse for EHT device 519 may carry out or perform any of theoperations and processes (e.g., process 300) described and shown above.

It is understood that the above are only a subset of what the spatialreuse for EHT device 519 may be configured to perform and that otherfunctions included throughout this disclosure may also be performed bythe spatial reuse for EHT device 519.

While the machine-readable medium 522 is illustrated as a single medium,the term “machine-readable medium” may include a single medium ormultiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/orassociated caches and servers) configured to store the one or moreinstructions 524.

Various embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in softwareand/or firmware. This software and/or firmware may take the form ofinstructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by oneor more processors to enable performance of the operations describedherein. The instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but notlimited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executablecode, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such a computer-readablemedium may include any tangible non-transitory medium for storinginformation in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but notlimited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magneticdisk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory, etc.

The term “machine-readable medium” may include any medium that iscapable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution bythe machine 500 and that cause the machine 500 to perform any one ormore of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable ofstoring, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associatedwith such instructions. Non-limiting machine-readable medium examplesmay include solid-state memories and optical and magnetic media. In anexample, a massed machine-readable medium includes a machine-readablemedium with a plurality of particles having resting mass. Specificexamples of massed machine-readable media may include non-volatilememory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electricallyprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices;magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks;magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

The instructions 524 may further be transmitted or received over acommunications network 526 using a transmission medium via the networkinterface device/transceiver 520 utilizing any one of a number oftransfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP),transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP),hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.). Example communicationsnetworks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network(WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephonenetworks (e.g., cellular networks), plain old telephone (POTS) networks,wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards,and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others. In an example, thenetwork interface device/transceiver 520 may include one or morephysical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or moreantennas to connect to the communications network 526. In an example,the network interface device/transceiver 520 may include a plurality ofantennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-inputmultiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), ormultiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques. The term “transmissionmedium” shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capableof storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by themachine 500 and includes digital or analog communications signals orother intangible media to facilitate communication of such software.

The operations and processes described and shown above may be carriedout or performed in any suitable order as desired in variousimplementations. Additionally, in certain implementations, at least aportion of the operations may be carried out in parallel. Furthermore,in certain implementations, less than or more than the operationsdescribed may be performed.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a radio architecture 105A, 105B inaccordance with some embodiments that may be implemented in any one ofthe example APs 102 and/or the example STAs (e.g., user devices 120 ofFIG. 1). Radio architecture 105A, 105B may include radio front-endmodule (FEM) circuitry 604 a-b, radio IC circuitry 606 a-b and basebandprocessing circuitry 608 a-b. Radio architecture 105A, 105B as shownincludes both Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) functionality andBluetooth (BT) functionality although embodiments are not so limited. Inthis disclosure, “WLAN” and “Wi-Fi” are used interchangeably.

FEM circuitry 604 a-b may include a WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuitry 604 aand a Bluetooth (BT) FEM circuitry 604 b. The WLAN FEM circuitry 604 amay include a receive signal path comprising circuitry configured tooperate on WLAN RF signals received from one or more antennas 601, toamplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions ofthe received signals to the WLAN radio IC circuitry 606 a for furtherprocessing. The BT FEM circuitry 604 b may include a receive signal pathwhich may include circuitry configured to operate on BT RF signalsreceived from one or more antennas 601, to amplify the received signalsand to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the BTradio IC circuitry 606 b for further processing. FEM circuitry 604 a mayalso include a transmit signal path which may include circuitryconfigured to amplify WLAN signals provided by the radio IC circuitry606 a for wireless transmission by one or more of the antennas 601. Inaddition, FEM circuitry 604 b may also include a transmit signal pathwhich may include circuitry configured to amplify BT signals provided bythe radio IC circuitry 606 b for wireless transmission by the one ormore antennas. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, although FEM 604 a and FEM604 b are shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are notso limited, and include within their scope the use of an FEM (not shown)that includes a transmit path and/or a receive path for both WLAN and BTsignals, or the use of one or more FEM circuitries where at least someof the FEM circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths forboth WLAN and BT signals.

Radio IC circuitry 606 a-b as shown may include WLAN radio IC circuitry606 a and BT radio IC circuitry 606 b. The WLAN radio IC circuitry 606 amay include a receive signal path which may include circuitry todown-convert WLAN RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 604 a andprovide baseband signals to WLAN baseband processing circuitry 608 a. BTradio IC circuitry 606 b may in turn include a receive signal path whichmay include circuitry to down-convert BT RF signals received from theFEM circuitry 604 b and provide baseband signals to BT basebandprocessing circuitry 608 b. WLAN radio IC circuitry 606 a may alsoinclude a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convertWLAN baseband signals provided by the WLAN baseband processing circuitry608 a and provide WLAN RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 604 a forsubsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 601. BTradio IC circuitry 606 b may also include a transmit signal path whichmay include circuitry to up-convert BT baseband signals provided by theBT baseband processing circuitry 608 b and provide BT RF output signalsto the FEM circuitry 604 b for subsequent wireless transmission by theone or more antennas 601. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, although radio ICcircuitries 606 a and 606 b are shown as being distinct from oneanother, embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scopethe use of a radio IC circuitry (not shown) that includes a transmitsignal path and/or a receive signal path for both WLAN and BT signals,or the use of one or more radio IC circuitries where at least some ofthe radio IC circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths forboth WLAN and BT signals.

Baseband processing circuitry 608 a-b may include a WLAN basebandprocessing circuitry 608 a and a BT baseband processing circuitry 608 b.The WLAN baseband processing circuitry 608 a may include a memory, suchas, for example, a set of RAM arrays in a Fast Fourier Transform orInverse Fast Fourier Transform block (not shown) of the WLAN basebandprocessing circuitry 608 a. Each of the WLAN baseband circuitry 608 aand the BT baseband circuitry 608 b may further include one or moreprocessors and control logic to process the signals received from thecorresponding WLAN or BT receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry606 a-b, and to also generate corresponding WLAN or BT baseband signalsfor the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 606 a-b. Each ofthe baseband processing circuitries 608 a and 608 b may further includephysical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry,and may further interface with a device for generation and processing ofthe baseband signals and for controlling operations of the radio ICcircuitry 606 a-b.

Referring still to FIG. 6, according to the shown embodiment, WLAN-BTcoexistence circuitry 613 may include logic providing an interfacebetween the WLAN baseband circuitry 608 a and the BT baseband circuitry608 b to enable use cases requiring WLAN and BT coexistence. Inaddition, a switch 603 may be provided between the WLAN FEM circuitry604 a and the BT FEM circuitry 604 b to allow switching between the WLANand BT radios according to application needs. In addition, although theantennas 601 are depicted as being respectively connected to the WLANFEM circuitry 604 a and the BT FEM circuitry 604 b, embodiments includewithin their scope the sharing of one or more antennas as between theWLAN and BT FEMs, or the provision of more than one antenna connected toeach of FEM 604 a or 604 b.

In some embodiments, the front-end module circuitry 604 a-b, the radioIC circuitry 606 a-b, and baseband processing circuitry 608 a-b may beprovided on a single radio card, such as wireless radio card 602. Insome other embodiments, the one or more antennas 601, the FEM circuitry604 a-b and the radio IC circuitry 606 a-b may be provided on a singleradio card. In some other embodiments, the radio IC circuitry 606 a-band the baseband processing circuitry 608 a-b may be provided on asingle chip or integrated circuit (IC), such as IC 612.

In some embodiments, the wireless radio card 602 may include a WLANradio card and may be configured for Wi-Fi communications, although thescope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some ofthese embodiments, the radio architecture 105A, 105B may be configuredto receive and transmit orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM)or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communicationsignals over a multicarrier communication channel. The OFDM or OFDMAsignals may comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.

In some of these multicarrier embodiments, radio architecture 105A, 105Bmay be part of a Wi-Fi communication station (STA) such as a wirelessaccess point (AP), a base station or a mobile device including a Wi-Fidevice. In some of these embodiments, radio architecture 105A, 105B maybe configured to transmit and receive signals in accordance withspecific communication standards and/or protocols, such as any of theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standardsincluding, 802.11n-2009, IEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE 802.11-2016,802.11n-2009, 802.11ac, 802.11ah, 802.11ad, 802.11 ay and/or 802.11axstandards and/or proposed specifications for WLANs, although the scopeof embodiments is not limited in this respect. Radio architecture 105A,105B may also be suitable to transmit and/or receive communications inaccordance with other techniques and standards.

In some embodiments, the radio architecture 105A, 105B may be configuredfor high-efficiency Wi-Fi (HEW) communications in accordance with theIEEE 802.11ax standard. In these embodiments, the radio architecture105A, 105B may be configured to communicate in accordance with an OFDMAtechnique, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in thisrespect.

In some other embodiments, the radio architecture 105A, 105B may beconfigured to transmit and receive signals transmitted using one or moreother modulation techniques such as spread spectrum modulation (e.g.,direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequencyhopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time-divisionmultiplexing (TDM) modulation, and/or frequency-division multiplexing(FDM) modulation, although the scope of the embodiments is not limitedin this respect.

In some embodiments, as further shown in FIG. 6, the BT basebandcircuitry 608 b may be compliant with a Bluetooth (BT) connectivitystandard such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth 8.0 or Bluetooth 6.0, or any otheriteration of the Bluetooth Standard.

In some embodiments, the radio architecture 105A, 105B may include otherradio cards, such as a cellular radio card configured for cellular(e.g., SGPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 7G communications).

In some IEEE 802.11 embodiments, the radio architecture 105A, 105B maybe configured for communication over various channel bandwidthsincluding bandwidths having center frequencies of about 900 MHz, 2.4GHz, 5 GHz, and bandwidths of about 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 5 MHz, 5.5 MHz, 6 MHz,8 MHz, 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz (with contiguous bandwidths) or80+80 MHz (160 MHz) (with non-contiguous bandwidths). In someembodiments, a 920 MHz channel bandwidth may be used. The scope of theembodiments is not limited with respect to the above center frequencieshowever.

FIG. 7 illustrates WLAN FEM circuitry 604 a in accordance with someembodiments. Although the example of FIG. 7 is described in conjunctionwith the WLAN FEM circuitry 604 a, the example of FIG. 7 may bedescribed in conjunction with the example BT FEM circuitry 604 b (FIG.6), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.

In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 604 a may include a TX/RX switch702 to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEMcircuitry 604 a may include a receive signal path and a transmit signalpath. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 604 a may include alow-noise amplifier (LNA) 706 to amplify received RF signals 703 andprovide the amplified received RF signals 707 as an output (e.g., to theradio IC circuitry 606 a-b (FIG. 6)). The transmit signal path of thecircuitry 604 a may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RFsignals 709 (e.g., provided by the radio IC circuitry 606 a-b), and oneor more filters 712, such as band-pass filters (BPFs), low-pass filters(LPFs) or other types of filters, to generate RF signals 715 forsubsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the antennas 601 (FIG.6)) via an example duplexer 714.

In some dual-mode embodiments for Wi-Fi communication, the FEM circuitry604 a may be configured to operate in either the 2.4 GHz frequencyspectrum or the 5 GHz frequency spectrum. In these embodiments, thereceive signal path of the FEM circuitry 604 a may include a receivesignal path duplexer 704 to separate the signals from each spectrum aswell as provide a separate LNA 706 for each spectrum as shown. In theseembodiments, the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 604 a mayalso include a power amplifier 710 and a filter 712, such as a BPF, anLPF or another type of filter for each frequency spectrum and a transmitsignal path duplexer 704 to provide the signals of one of the differentspectrums onto a single transmit path for subsequent transmission by theone or more of the antennas 601 (FIG. 6). In some embodiments, BTcommunications may utilize the 2.4 GHz signal paths and may utilize thesame FEM circuitry 604 a as the one used for WLAN communications.

FIG. 8 illustrates radio IC circuitry 606 a in accordance with someembodiments. The radio IC circuitry 606 a is one example of circuitrythat may be suitable for use as the WLAN or BT radio IC circuitry 606a/606 b (FIG. 6), although other circuitry configurations may also besuitable. Alternatively, the example of FIG. 8 may be described inconjunction with the example BT radio IC circuitry 606 b.

In some embodiments, the radio IC circuitry 606 a may include a receivesignal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of theradio IC circuitry 606 a may include at least mixer circuitry 802, suchas, for example, down-conversion mixer circuitry, amplifier circuitry806 and filter circuitry 808. The transmit signal path of the radio ICcircuitry 606 a may include at least filter circuitry 812 and mixercircuitry 814, such as, for example, up-conversion mixer circuitry.Radio IC circuitry 606 a may also include synthesizer circuitry 804 forsynthesizing a frequency 805 for use by the mixer circuitry 802 and themixer circuitry 814. The mixer circuitry 802 and/or 814 may each,according to some embodiments, be configured to provide directconversion functionality. The latter type of circuitry presents a muchsimpler architecture as compared with standard super-heterodyne mixercircuitries, and any flicker noise brought about by the same may bealleviated for example through the use of OFDM modulation. FIG. 8illustrates only a simplified version of a radio IC circuitry, and mayinclude, although not shown, embodiments where each of the depictedcircuitries may include more than one component. For instance, mixercircuitry 814 may each include one or more mixers, and filtercircuitries 808 and/or 812 may each include one or more filters, such asone or more BPFs and/or LPFs according to application needs. Forexample, when mixer circuitries are of the direct-conversion type, theymay each include two or more mixers.

In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 802 may be configured todown-convert RF signals 707 received from the FEM circuitry 604 a-b(FIG. 6) based on the synthesized frequency 805 provided by synthesizercircuitry 804. The amplifier circuitry 806 may be configured to amplifythe down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 808 may include anLPF configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-convertedsignals to generate output baseband signals 807. Output baseband signals807 may be provided to the baseband processing circuitry 608 a-b (FIG.6) for further processing. In some embodiments, the output basebandsignals 807 may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is nota requirement. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 802 may comprisepassive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited inthis respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 814 may be configured toup-convert input baseband signals 811 based on the synthesized frequency805 provided by the synthesizer circuitry 804 to generate RF outputsignals 709 for the FEM circuitry 604 a-b. The baseband signals 811 maybe provided by the baseband processing circuitry 608 a-b and may befiltered by filter circuitry 812. The filter circuitry 812 may includean LPF or a BPF, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited inthis respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 802 and the mixer circuitry 814may each include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadraturedown-conversion and/or up-conversion respectively with the help ofsynthesizer 804. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 802 and themixer circuitry 814 may each include two or more mixers each configuredfor image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In someembodiments, the mixer circuitry 802 and the mixer circuitry 814 may bearranged for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion,respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 802 and the mixercircuitry 814 may be configured for super-heterodyne operation, althoughthis is not a requirement.

Mixer circuitry 802 may comprise, according to one embodiment:quadrature passive mixers (e.g., for the in-phase (I) and quadraturephase (Q) paths). In such an embodiment, RF input signal 707 from FIG. 8may be down-converted to provide I and Q baseband output signals to besent to the baseband processor.

Quadrature passive mixers may be driven by zero and ninety-degreetime-varying LO switching signals provided by a quadrature circuitrywhich may be configured to receive a LO frequency (fLO) from a localoscillator or a synthesizer, such as LO frequency 805 of synthesizer 804(FIG. 8). In some embodiments, the LO frequency may be the carrierfrequency, while in other embodiments, the LO frequency may be afraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency,one-third the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the zero andninety-degree time-varying switching signals may be generated by thesynthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited inthis respect.

In some embodiments, the LO signals may differ in duty cycle (thepercentage of one period in which the LO signal is high) and/or offset(the difference between start points of the period). In someembodiments, the LO signals may have an 85% duty cycle and an 80%offset. In some embodiments, each branch of the mixer circuitry (e.g.,the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) path) may operate at an 80%duty cycle, which may result in a significant reduction is powerconsumption.

The RF input signal 707 (FIG. 7) may comprise a balanced signal,although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.The I and Q baseband output signals may be provided to low-noiseamplifier, such as amplifier circuitry 806 (FIG. 8) or to filtercircuitry 808 (FIG. 8).

In some embodiments, the output baseband signals 807 and the inputbaseband signals 811 may be analog baseband signals, although the scopeof the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternateembodiments, the output baseband signals 807 and the input basebandsignals 811 may be digital baseband signals. In these alternateembodiments, the radio IC circuitry may include analog-to-digitalconverter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry.

In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry may beprovided for processing signals for each spectrum, or for otherspectrums not mentioned here, although the scope of the embodiments isnot limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 804 may be a fractional-Nsynthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of theembodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequencysynthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry 804 maybe a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizercomprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider. According tosome embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 804 may include digitalsynthesizer circuitry. An advantage of using a digital synthesizercircuitry is that, although it may still include some analog components,its footprint may be scaled down much more than the footprint of ananalog synthesizer circuitry. In some embodiments, frequency input intosynthesizer circuitry 804 may be provided by a voltage controlledoscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement. A divider controlinput may further be provided by either the baseband processingcircuitry 608 a-b (FIG. 6) depending on the desired output frequency805. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) may bedetermined from a look-up table (e.g., within a Wi-Fi card) based on achannel number and a channel center frequency as determined or indicatedby the example application processor 610. The application processor 610may include, or otherwise be connected to, one of the example securesignal converter 101 or the example received signal converter 103 (e.g.,depending on which device the example radio architecture is implementedin).

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 804 may be configured togenerate a carrier frequency as the output frequency 805, while in otherembodiments, the output frequency 805 may be a fraction of the carrierfrequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrierfrequency). In some embodiments, the output frequency 805 may be a LOfrequency (fLO).

FIG. 9 illustrates a functional block diagram of baseband processingcircuitry 608 a in accordance with some embodiments. The basebandprocessing circuitry 608 a is one example of circuitry that may besuitable for use as the baseband processing circuitry 608 a (FIG. 6),although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.Alternatively, the example of FIG. 8 may be used to implement theexample BT baseband processing circuitry 608 b of FIG. 6.

The baseband processing circuitry 608 a may include a receive basebandprocessor (RX BBP) 902 for processing receive baseband signals 809provided by the radio IC circuitry 606 a-b (FIG. 6) and a transmitbaseband processor (TX BBP) 904 for generating transmit baseband signals811 for the radio IC circuitry 606 a-b. The baseband processingcircuitry 608 a may also include control logic 906 for coordinating theoperations of the baseband processing circuitry 608 a.

In some embodiments (e.g., when analog baseband signals are exchangedbetween the baseband processing circuitry 608 a-b and the radio ICcircuitry 606 a-b), the baseband processing circuitry 608 a may includeADC 910 to convert analog baseband signals 909 received from the radioIC circuitry 606 a-b to digital baseband signals for processing by theRX BBP 902. In these embodiments, the baseband processing circuitry 608a may also include DAC 912 to convert digital baseband signals from theTX BBP 904 to analog baseband signals 911.

In some embodiments that communicate OFDM signals or OFDMA signals, suchas through baseband processor 608 a, the TX BBP 904 may be configured togenerate OFDM or OFDMA signals as appropriate for transmission byperforming an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). The RX BBP 902 maybe configured to process received OFDM signals or OFDMA signals byperforming an FFT. In some embodiments, the RX BBP 902 may be configuredto detect the presence of an OFDM signal or OFDMA signal by performingan autocorrelation, to detect a preamble, such as a short preamble, andby performing a cross-correlation, to detect a long preamble. Thepreambles may be part of a predetermined frame structure for Wi-Ficommunication.

Referring back to FIG. 6, in some embodiments, the antennas 601 (FIG. 6)may each comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas,including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patchantennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennassuitable for transmission of RF signals. In some multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas may be effectivelyseparated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the differentchannel characteristics that may result. Antennas 601 may each include aset of phased-array antennas, although embodiments are not so limited.

Although the radio architecture 105A, 105B is illustrated as havingseveral separate functional elements, one or more of the functionalelements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations ofsoftware-configured elements, such as processing elements includingdigital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. Forexample, some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs,field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integratedcircuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) andcombinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing atleast the functions described herein. In some embodiments, thefunctional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on oneor more processing elements.

The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example,instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as“exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred oradvantageous over other embodiments. The terms “computing device,” “userdevice,” “communication station,” “station,” “handheld device,” “mobiledevice,” “wireless device” and “user equipment” (UE) as used hereinrefers to a wireless communication device such as a cellular telephone,a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptopcomputer, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, anaccess point, a printer, a point of sale device, an access terminal, orother personal communication system (PCS) device. The device may beeither mobile or stationary.

As used within this document, the term “communicate” is intended toinclude transmitting, or receiving, or both transmitting and receiving.This may be particularly useful in claims when describing theorganization of data that is being transmitted by one device andreceived by another, but only the functionality of one of those devicesis required to infringe the claim. Similarly, the bidirectional exchangeof data between two devices (both devices transmit and receive duringthe exchange) may be described as “communicating,” when only thefunctionality of one of those devices is being claimed. The term“communicating” as used herein with respect to a wireless communicationsignal includes transmitting the wireless communication signal and/orreceiving the wireless communication signal. For example, a wirelesscommunication unit, which is capable of communicating a wirelesscommunication signal, may include a wireless transmitter to transmit thewireless communication signal to at least one other wirelesscommunication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver to receivethe wireless communication signal from at least one other wirelesscommunication unit.

As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the use of the ordinaladjectives “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., to describe a commonobject, merely indicates that different instances of like objects arebeing referred to and are not intended to imply that the objects sodescribed must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, inranking, or in any other manner.

The term “access point” (AP) as used herein may be a fixed station. Anaccess point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station,an evolved node B (eNodeB), or some other similar terminology known inthe art. An access terminal may also be called a mobile station, userequipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similarterminology known in the art. Embodiments disclosed herein generallypertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to wirelessnetworks that operate in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.11standards.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices andsystems, for example, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, amobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tabletcomputer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, apersonal digital assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, anon-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehiculardevice, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumerdevice, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communicationstation, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP),a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device,an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wirelessnetwork, a wireless area network, a wireless video area network (WVAN),a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a personal areanetwork (PAN), a wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-wayradio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communicationsystems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, apersonal communication system (PCS) device, a PDA device whichincorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portableglobal positioning system (GPS) device, a device which incorporates aGPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFIDelement or chip, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver ordevice, a single input multiple output (SIMO) transceiver or device, amultiple input single output (MISO) transceiver or device, a devicehaving one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, digitalvideo broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devicesor systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a smartphone, awireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types ofwireless communication signals and/or systems following one or morewireless communication protocols, for example, radio frequency (RF),infrared (IR), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM(OFDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), time-division multiple access(TDMA), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general packet radio service (GPRS),extended GPRS, code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA(WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA,multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete multi-tone (DMT), Bluetooth®,global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee, ultra-wideband(UWB), global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G,3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 3GPP, long termevolution (LTE), LTE advanced, enhanced data rates for GSM Evolution(EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used in various otherdevices, systems, and/or networks.

The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

Example 1 may include a device comprising processing circuitry coupledto storage, the processing circuitry configured to: identify a framereceived from a first station device configured to operate in a firstbasic service set (BSS) on a first channel; analyze a preamble of theframe to determine a classification of the frame; adjust a calculationof a packet detection for overlapping basic service set (OBSS) valuebased on a number of unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels; determine tosimultaneously use the first channel for communication with a seconddevice within a second BSS based on the calculation of the packetdetection for OBSS value.

Example 2 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other exampleherein, wherein the classification of the frame comprises inter-BSSintra-BSS, or spatial reuse group (SRG).

Example 3 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other exampleherein, wherein the processing circuitry may be further configured to:determine that the frame may be transmitted on a 20 MHz frequencychannel; adjust the packet detection for OBSS value to be equal to a bya default value on a 20 MHz basis.

Example 4 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other exampleherein, wherein the processing circuitry may be further configured to:determine that the frame may be transmitted on a 40 MHz frequencychannel; adjust the packet detection for OBSS value to be lower than adefault value on a 20 MHz basis.

Example 5 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other exampleherein, wherein the packet detection for OBSS value may be lowered by 6dB when the frame may be transmitted on an 80 MHz channel.

Example 6 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other exampleherein, wherein the packet detection for OBSS value may be adjusted by alogarithmic of the number of unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels.

Example 7 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other exampleherein, wherein the processing circuitry may be further configured to:determine the frame may be transmitted on 80 MHz channel; determine thenumber of unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels may be three; and adjustthe packet detection for OBSS value by 10 log(3).

Example 8 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other exampleherein, wherein the processing circuitry may be further configured to:determine the frame may be transmitted on 80 MHz channel; determine thenumber of unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels may be two; and adjustthe packet detection for OBSS value by 10 log(2).

Example 9 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other exampleherein, further comprising a transceiver configured to transmit andreceive wireless signals.

Example 10 may include the device of example 9 and/or some other exampleherein, further comprising an antenna coupled to the transceiver tosimultaneously use the first channel for communication with the seconddevice.

Example 11 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions which when executed by one or moreprocessors result in performing operations comprising: identifying aframe received from a first station device configured to operate in afirst basic service set (BSS) on a first channel; analyzing a preambleof the frame to determine a classification of the frame; adjusting acalculation of a packet detection for overlapping basic service set(OBSS) value based on a number of unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels;determining to simultaneously use the first channel for communicationwith a second device within a second BSS based on the calculation of thepacket detection for OBSS value.

Example 12 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the classificationof the frame comprises inter-BSS intra-BSS, or spatial reuse group(SRG).

Example 13 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operationsfurther comprise: determining that the frame may be transmitted on a 20MHz frequency channel; adjusting the packet detection for OBSS value tobe equal to a by a default value on a 20 MHz basis.

Example 14 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operationsfurther comprise: determining that the frame may be transmitted on a 40MHz frequency channel; adjusting the packet detection for OBSS value tobe lower than a default value on a 20 MHz basis.

Example 15 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the packetdetection for OBSS value may be lowered by 6 dB when the frame may betransmitted on an 80 MHz channel.

Example 16 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the packetdetection for OBSS value may be adjusted by a logarithmic of the numberof unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels.

Example 17 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operationsfurther comprise: determining the frame may be transmitted on 80 MHzchannel; determining the number of unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channelsmay be three; and adjusting the packet detection for OBSS value by 10log(3).

Example 18 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operationsfurther comprise: determining the frame may be transmitted on 80 MHzchannel; determining the number of unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channelsmay be two; and adjusting the packet detection for OBSS value by 10log(2).

Example 19 may include a method comprising: identifying, by one or moreprocessors, a frame received from a first station device configured tooperate in a first basic service set (BSS) on a first channel; analyzinga preamble of the frame to determine a classification of the frame;adjusting a calculation of a packet detection for overlapping basicservice set (OBSS) value based on a number of unpunctured 20 MHzfrequency channels; determining to simultaneously use the first channelfor communication with a second device within a second BSS based on thecalculation of the packet detection for OBSS value.

Example 20 may include the method of example 19 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the classification of the frame comprisesinter-BSS intra-BSS, or spatial reuse group (SRG).

Example 21 may include the method of example 19 and/or some otherexample herein, further comprising: determining that the frame may betransmitted on a 20 MHz frequency channel; adjusting the packetdetection for OBSS value to be equal to a by a default value on a 20 MHzbasis.

Example 22 may include the method of example 19 and/or some otherexample herein, further comprising: determining that the frame may betransmitted on a 40 MHz frequency channel; adjusting the packetdetection for OBSS value to be lower than a default value on a 20 MHzbasis.

Example 23 may include the method of example 19 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the packet detection for OBSS value may belowered by 6 dB when the frame may be transmitted on an 80 MHz channel.

Example 24 may include the method of example 19 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the packet detection for OBSS value may beadjusted by a logarithmic of the number of unpunctured 20 MHz frequencychannels.

Example 25 may include the method of example 19 and/or some otherexample herein, further comprising: determining the frame may betransmitted on 80 MHz channel; determining the number of unpunctured 20MHz frequency channels may be three; and adjusting the packet detectionfor OBSS value by 10 log(3).

Example 26 may include the method of example 19 and/or some otherexample herein, further comprising: determining the frame may betransmitted on 80 MHz channel; determining the number of unpunctured 20MHz frequency channels may be two; and adjusting the packet detectionfor OBSS value by 10 log(2).

Example 27 may include an apparatus comprising means for: identifying aframe received from a first station device configured to operate in afirst basic service set (BSS) on a first channel; analyzing a preambleof the frame to determine a classification of the frame; adjusting acalculation of a packet detection for overlapping basic service set(OBSS) value based on a number of unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels;determining to simultaneously use the first channel for communicationwith a second device within a second BSS based on the calculation of thepacket detection for OBSS value.

Example 28 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the classification of the frame comprisesinter-BSS intra-BSS, or spatial reuse group (SRG).

Example 29 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some otherexample herein, further comprising: determining that the frame may betransmitted on a 20 MHz frequency channel; adjusting the packetdetection for OBSS value to be equal to a by a default value on a 20 MHzbasis.

Example 30 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some otherexample herein, further comprising: determining that the frame may betransmitted on a 40 MHz frequency channel; adjusting the packetdetection for OBSS value to be lower than a default value on a 20 MHzbasis.

Example 31 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the packet detection for OBSS value may belowered by 6 dB when the frame may be transmitted on an 80 MHz channel.

Example 32 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the packet detection for OBSS value may beadjusted by a logarithmic of the number of unpunctured 20 MHz frequencychannels.

Example 33 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some otherexample herein, further comprising: determining the frame may betransmitted on 80 MHz channel; determining the number of unpunctured 20MHz frequency channels may be three; and adjusting the packet detectionfor OBSS value by 10 log(3).

Example 34 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some otherexample herein, further comprising: determining the frame may betransmitted on 80 MHz channel; determining the number of unpunctured 20MHz frequency channels may be two; and adjusting the packet detectionfor OBSS value by 10 log(2).

Embodiments according to the disclosure are in particular disclosed inthe attached claims directed to a method, a storage medium, a device anda computer program product, wherein any feature mentioned in one claimcategory, e.g., method, can be claimed in another claim category, e.g.,system, as well. The dependencies or references back in the attachedclaims are chosen for formal reasons only. However, any subject matterresulting from a deliberate reference back to any previous claims (inparticular multiple dependencies) can be claimed as well, so that anycombination of claims and the features thereof are disclosed and can beclaimed regardless of the dependencies chosen in the attached claims.The subject-matter which can be claimed comprises not only thecombinations of features as set out in the attached claims but also anyother combination of features in the claims, wherein each featurementioned in the claims can be combined with any other feature orcombination of other features in the claims. Furthermore, any of theembodiments and features described or depicted herein can be claimed ina separate claim and/or in any combination with any embodiment orfeature described or depicted herein or with any of the features of theattached claims.

The foregoing description of one or more implementations providesillustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed.Modifications and variations are possible in light of the aboveteachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.

Certain aspects of the disclosure are described above with reference toblock and flow diagrams of systems, methods, apparatuses, and/orcomputer program products according to various implementations. It willbe understood that one or more blocks of the block diagrams and flowdiagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and the flowdiagrams, respectively, may be implemented by computer-executableprogram instructions. Likewise, some blocks of the block diagrams andflow diagrams may not necessarily need to be performed in the orderpresented, or may not necessarily need to be performed at all, accordingto some implementations.

These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto aspecial-purpose computer or other particular machine, a processor, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particularmachine, such that the instructions that execute on the computer,processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create meansfor implementing one or more functions specified in the flow diagramblock or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be storedin a computer-readable storage media or memory that may direct acomputer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function ina particular manner, such that the instructions stored in thecomputer-readable storage media produce an article of manufactureincluding instruction means that implement one or more functionsspecified in the flow diagram block or blocks. As an example, certainimplementations may provide for a computer program product, comprising acomputer-readable storage medium having a computer-readable program codeor program instructions implemented therein, said computer-readableprogram code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functionsspecified in the flow diagram block or blocks. The computer programinstructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmabledata processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements orsteps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus toproduce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions thatexecute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elementsor steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow diagramblock or blocks.

Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams supportcombinations of means for performing the specified functions,combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functionsand program instruction means for performing the specified functions. Itwill also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowdiagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowdiagrams, may be implemented by special-purpose, hardware-based computersystems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, orcombinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.

Conditional language, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or“may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understoodwithin the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certainimplementations could include, while other implementations do notinclude, certain features, elements, and/or operations. Thus, suchconditional language is not generally intended to imply that features,elements, and/or operations are in any way required for one or moreimplementations or that one or more implementations necessarily includelogic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whetherthese features, elements, and/or operations are included or are to beperformed in any particular implementation.

Many modifications and other implementations of the disclosure set forthherein will be apparent having the benefit of the teachings presented inthe foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it isto be understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to thespecific implementations disclosed and that modifications and otherimplementations are intended to be included within the scope of theappended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they areused in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes oflimitation.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device, the device comprising processingcircuitry coupled to storage, the processing circuitry configured to:identify a frame received from a first station device configured tooperate in a first basic service set (BSS) on a first channel; analyze apreamble of the frame to determine a classification of the frame; adjusta calculation of a packet detection for overlapping basic service set(OBSS) value based on a number of unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels;determine to simultaneously use the first channel for communication witha second device within a second BSS based on the calculation of thepacket detection for OBSS value.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein theclassification of the frame comprises inter-BSS intra-BSS, or spatialreuse group (SRG).
 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the processingcircuitry is further configured to: determine that the frame istransmitted on a 20 MHz frequency channel; adjust the packet detectionfor OBSS value to be equal to a by a default value on a 20 MHz basis. 4.The device of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is furtherconfigured to: determine that the frame is transmitted on a 40 MHzfrequency channel; adjust the packet detection for OBSS value to belower than a default value on a 20 MHz basis.
 5. The device of claim 1,wherein the packet detection for OBSS value is lowered by 6 dB when theframe is transmitted on an 80 MHz channel.
 6. The device of claim 1,wherein the packet detection for OBSS value is adjusted by a logarithmicof the number of unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels.
 7. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:determine the frame is transmitted on 80 MHz channel; determine thenumber of unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels is three; and adjust thepacket detection for OBSS value by 10 log(3).
 8. The device of claim 1,wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: determine theframe is transmitted on 80 MHz channel; determine the number ofunpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels is two; and adjust the packetdetection for OBSS value by 10 log(2).
 9. The device of claim 1, furthercomprising a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wirelesssignals.
 10. The device of claim 9, further comprising an antennacoupled to the transceiver to simultaneously use the first channel forcommunication with the second device.
 11. A non-transitorycomputer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions whichwhen executed by one or more processors result in performing operationscomprising: identifying a frame received from a first station deviceconfigured to operate in a first basic service set (BSS) on a firstchannel; analyzing a preamble of the frame to determine a classificationof the frame; adjusting a calculation of a packet detection foroverlapping basic service set (OBSS) value based on a number ofunpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels; determining to simultaneously usethe first channel for communication with a second device within a secondBSS based on the calculation of the packet detection for OBSS value. 12.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein theclassification of the frame comprises inter-BSS intra-BSS, or spatialreuse group (SRG).
 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 11, wherein the operations further comprise: determining that theframe is transmitted on a 20 MHz frequency channel; adjusting the packetdetection for OBSS value to be equal to a by a default value on a 20 MHzbasis.
 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11,wherein the operations further comprise: determining that the frame istransmitted on a 40 MHz frequency channel; adjusting the packetdetection for OBSS value to be lower than a default value on a 20 MHzbasis.
 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11,wherein the packet detection for OBSS value is lowered by 6 dB when theframe is transmitted on an 80 MHz channel.
 16. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the packet detection forOBSS value is adjusted by a logarithmic of the number of unpunctured 20MHz frequency channels.
 17. The non-transitory computer-readable mediumof claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise: determining theframe is transmitted on 80 MHz channel; determining the number ofunpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels is three; and adjusting the packetdetection for OBSS value by 10 log(3).
 18. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the operations furthercomprise: determining the frame is transmitted on 80 MHz channel;determining the number of unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels is two;and adjusting the packet detection for OBSS value by 10 log(2).
 19. Amethod comprising: identifying, by one or more processors, a framereceived from a first station device configured to operate in a firstbasic service set (BSS) on a first channel; analyzing a preamble of theframe to determine a classification of the frame; adjusting acalculation of a packet detection for overlapping basic service set(OBSS) value based on a number of unpunctured 20 MHz frequency channels;determining to simultaneously use the first channel for communicationwith a second device within a second BSS based on the calculation of thepacket detection for OBSS value.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein theclassification of the frame comprises inter-BSS intra-BSS, or spatialreuse group (SRG).